Successful knowledge syntheses start with a strong foundation. Before diving in, take time to clarify your research question, explore whether similar reviews already exist, and decide which synthesis method best suits your needs. Consider who should be involved in the process — from subject experts to librarians — and outline a protocol that clearly defines your objectives, methods, and criteria. Thoughtful planning at the outset helps ensure your review is efficient, transparent, and produces meaningful, reliable results.
Here’s a breakdown of how a knowledge synthesis aligns with different academic contexts:
Defined broadly as assignments performed to support learning in academic settings—ranging from essays and term papers to literature reviews and possibly even systematic reviews
For coursework, knowledge synthesis might be part of a graded assignment but isn't typically meant to contribute new knowledge—it’s more about demonstrating understanding and analytical skills.
A thesis (often for Master’s) or dissertation (often for PhD) is a substantial academic document involving original research or comprehensive synthesis to satisfy degree requirements
While knowledge synthesis (like systematic reviews or meta-analyses) can be included within these works, relying solely on synthesis may not meet the requirement for original contribution, especially at the doctoral level
Doctoral programs sometimes permit a "thesis by publication", where original, peer-reviewed articles are compiled alongside an integrative narrative
If your goal is publication in a peer-reviewed venue, knowledge synthesis (including systematic reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analyses, etc.) can be a powerful standalone contribution. These are widely recognized forms of research across disciplines Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchUniversity LibraryPurdue InfoStudies.
Publishing requires a rigorous, reproducible methodology—typically guided by protocols and transparent reporting frameworks Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Common problems in approaches to systematic review methods include:
